The Golden Puffer is a fish of many names including Guinea Fowl Puffer and Spotted Puffer. It changes appearance during different stages of its life. While in the black phase, it is black with white spots over the entire body. The golden phase is denoted by its rich burgundy to golden tan coloring with smaller white spots covering its body. It also has a yellow phase, during which, it is lacking the white spots. It very rarely changes phases while living in an aquarium.

The Golden Puffer lacks pelvic fins, but is very maneuverable, using its pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins. Instead of "teeth," it has a fused beak-like structure which it uses to crush prey.

While "puffed up," its spines are held straight out from the body to discourage others from trying to eat it. Parts of the flesh are poisonous if digested.