Massacre do Túmulo dos Patriarcas
O Massacre do Túmulo dos Patriarcas ocorreu quando Baruch Goldstein, um colono israelense e membro do movimento de extrema-direita israelense Kach, abriu fogo contra palestinos muçulmanos desarmados que estavam rezando dentro da Mesquita Ibrahim no Túmulo dos Patriarcas, em Hebrom, na Cisjordânia. Aconteceu no dia 25 de fevereiro de 1994, durante os feriados religiosos sobreposição de Purim e Ramadã.[1][2] Entre 29 e 52 muçulmanos morreram e mais de 100 feridos.[2][3] O ataque terminou quando Goldstein foi subjugado e espancado até à morte pelos sobreviventes. Muitos sustentam de que o massacre tenha tido inspirações sionistas[4][5]
O ataque deflagrou vários tumultos e protestos em toda a Cisjordânia e um adicional de 19 palestinos foram mortos pelas Forças de Defesa de Israel no prazo de 48 horas após o massacre.[2]
O então Primeiro-ministro de Israel, Yitzhak Rabin, condenou o ataque, descrevendo Goldstein como um "assassino degenerado", "uma vergonha para o sionismo e um constrangimento para o judaísmo".[6][7][8] Depois do massacre, Rabin impôs um toque de recolher contra os 120.000 residentes palestinos da cidade. Os 400 colonos judeus em Hebron continuaram livres para ir e vir.[9]
Goldstein era visto como um mártir por extremistas judeus em Hebrom, e sua sepultura posteriormente se tornou um local de peregrinação para os seus apoiantes.[10][11][12]
Referências
- ↑ Tuman, Joseph S. (2003). Communicating Terror: The Rhetorical Dimensions of Terrorism. [S.l.]: Sage Publications, Inc. p. 93. ISBN 1412973244. Consultado em 13 de março de 2010.
Although Goldstein did not say anything during his attack to explain his actions, it is known that the night before his assault he had attended a service at the Jewish side of the Cave of the Patriarchs where after listening to the traditional reading from the Scroll of Esther, he told others there that they should all behave like Esther. The timing of his attack the next day at the same site hardly seems the product of happenstance or coincidence. It was the day of Purim. Moreover, although his actions seemed to be the product of a mind that had snapped or become depraved, there did not seem to be any sign that he was suffering from a mental disorder. His actions were deliberate and intentional. Goldstein was troubled by the ongoing peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in Oslo and openly concerned that a Palestinian state was about to be created. His attack on Muslim worshippers at the same site, while Purim coincided with Ramadan, was an attempt to cast himself symbolically in the story as Mordecai. Indeed that was exactly the way his actions were interpreted by other settlers at Kiryat Arba, and in the years to come after 1994, there would be numerous instances in which the settlers would celebrate Purim by also invoking Goldstein's memory and image in a provocative manner.
- ↑ a b c «When Fury Rules». Time Magazine. 7 de março de 1994
- ↑ Settlers remember gunman Goldstein; Hebron riots continue. Issacharoff, Avi. Haaretz. March 01, 2010.
- ↑ http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/010201/0101071.html
- ↑ http://www.palestinechronicle.com/view_article_details.php?id=15406
- ↑ West Bank Massacre: The Overview; Rabin Urges the Palestinians To Put Aside Anger and Talk. Haberman, Clyde. The New York Times. March 1, 1994.
- ↑ Alan Cowell (2 de março de 1994). «WEST BANK MASSACRE; In 'Tragic Error,' Soldiers Kill a Settler». New York Times
- ↑ Youssef M. Ibrahim (6 de março de 1994). «The World; Palestinians See a People's Hatred in a Killer's Deed». New York Times
- ↑ http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2006/05/21/stories/2006052100090100.htm
- ↑ Kimball, Charles. When Religion Becomes Evil: Five Warning Signs. 2003, page 130
- ↑ «Graveside party celebrates Hebron massacre». BBC News. 21 de março de 2000. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2009
- ↑ Bouckaert, Peter. Center of the Storm: a case study of human rights abuses in Hebron District. 2001, page 82 [1]
