Usuário:Makendo k/livros

Predefinição:Censorship Many societies have banned certain books. This is a partial list of books that have been banned by governments, for various reasons. These bans can be enacted at the national or sub-national level, and can carry legal penalties for their infraction.

Books are also forbidden by religious authorities, who prohibit members of their faith from reading them, but without this being a criminal offense; examples of such can be found at List of books forbidden by religions.

Books may be challenged at a local level, and possibly removed from schools or libraries as a result, but not legally banned in the involved community; examples of such from the United States can be found at List of most commonly challenged books in the U.S.

Background

Books are banned for a variety of reasons. For example, one reason is to protect the public from their contents. The threats that are cited to justify the bans may be abstract (e.g., "obscenity") or more concrete (e.g., "public safety").

For example, various scriptures have been banned (and sometimes burned) at several points in history. For example, the Bible, the Qur'an, and other religious scriptures have all been subjected to censorship and have been banned by various governments. Similarly, books based on the scriptures have also been banned, such as Leo Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God Is Within You, which was banned in Russia for being anti-establishment. Non-religious books deemed critical of the state or its interests are another common target for banning.

Books are frequently banned as "obscene" or "indecent" when they are perceived to be a threat to "public morals". Sexual content - especially in forms which are taboo in a given society - is the most common basis for such bans. In modern societies it is typical to material with sexual content to be made unavailable to children, without banning it altogether for adults, but certain kinds of content may receive a complete ban.

Books that present criminal matters have also been subjected to censorship, usually on the grounds that they either incite or assist in committing crimes. Small-press titles that have become infamous by being banned include The Anarchist Cookbook and Hit Man.

List of banned books

A

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Albertine	Christian Krohg	Novel	Banned in Norway in 1886, immediately after its publishing
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland	Lewis Carroll	Children's Novel/Adventure	Banned in the province of Hunan, China (1931) for the portrayal of anthropomorphized animals acting on the same level as humans.
All Quiet on the Western Front	Erich Maria Remarque	Anti-war novel	Banned in Nazi Germany for demoralizing and insulting the Wehrmacht.
American Psycho	Bret Easton Ellis	Fiction Novel	Theoretically banned in the Australian state of Queensland. Sale restricted to persons 18+ in other states.
Angaray	Sajjad Zaheer	Progressive short stories	Banned in 1936 by the British government {{carece de fontes}}
Animal Farm	George Orwell	Political novella	Publication delayed in UK because of anti-Stalin theme. Confiscated in Germany by Allied troops. Banned in 1946 in Yugoslavia. Also banned in Kenya in 1991 and in the United Arab Emirates in 2002.
Areopagitica	John Milton	Essay	Banned in England for political reasons.
As I Lay Dying	William Faulkner	Novel	Banned in Kentucky for language and for being anti-Christian.

B

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Black Beauty	Anna Sewell	Novel	Was banned in South Africa in 1955 because of the use of the word 'black' in the title.
Brave New World	Aldous Huxley	Novel	Banned in Ireland in 1932.
Burger's Daughter	Nadine Gordimer	Novel	Banned in South Africa in 1979 for going against the government's racial policies.

C

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The Call of the Wild	Jack London	Novel	Banned in Yugoslavia and Italy.
Candide	Voltaire	Novel	Seized by US Customs in 1930 for obscenity.

D

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The Da Vinci Code	Dan Brown	Novel	Banned in Lebanon after Catholic leaders deemed it offensive to Christianity.
The Death of Lorca	Ian Gibson	Biography, True crime	Banned briefly in Spain.
Doctor Zhivago	Boris Pasternak	Novel	Banned within the USSR until 1988 for its criticism of the Bolshevik Party.
Droll Stories	Honoré de Balzac		Banned in Canada in 1914.

E

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
El Señor Presidente	Miguel Ángel Asturias	Novel	Banned in Guatemala because it went against the ruling political leaders.

F

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Fanny Hill or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure	John Cleland	Novel	Banned in the USA in 1821 for obscenity, then again in 1963. This was the last book ever banned in the USA. See also Memoirs v. Massachusetts.
The Federal Mafia	Irwin Schiff	Nonfiction	An injunction was issued by a U.S. District Court in Nevada under 26 U.S.C. § 7408 against Irwin Schiff and associates Cynthia Neun and Lawrence Cohen, against the sale of this book by those persons as the court found that the information it contains is fraudulent.
Fight Club	Chuck Palahniuk	Novel	Banned in China in 1999 for giving instructions on how to make various explosive devices.
Fra Kristiania-Bohêmen	Hans Jæger	Novel	Banned in Norway in 1885, immediately after its publishing.
The Fugitive (Perburuan)	Pramoedya Ananta Toer	Novel	Banned in Indonesia for being too communistic and for other political reasons.

G

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The God of Small Things	Arundhati Roy	Novel	Written in 1996, claimed to be portraying intereligion occasional sex scenes involving a Christian woman and low caste-Hindu servant. Ban overturned in India.
The Grapes of Wrath	John Steinbeck	Novel	Banned in many places in the US. In the region of California in which it was partially set, it was banned because it made the residents of this region look bad.
The Gulag Archipelago	Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn	Nonfiction	Banned in the Soviet Union because it went against the image the Soviet Government tried to project of itself and its policies.
Gulliver's Travels	Jonathan Swift	Novel	Banned in Ireland

H

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason

I

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Islam - A Concept of Political World Invasion	R.V. Bhasin	Political Ideology	Banned in Maharashtra, India in 2007, after its publishing on grounds that it promotes communal disharmony between Hindus and Muslims.

J

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason

K

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The King Never Smiles	Paul M. Handley	Biography	Banned in Thailand for its criticism of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

L

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Lady Chatterley's Lover	D. H. Lawrence	Novel	Temporarily banned in the United States and UK for violation of obscenity laws. Temporarily banned in Australia.
Little Black Sambo	Helen Bannerman	Children's Book	Banned in Japan (1988 - 2005) to quell "political threats to boycott Japanese cultural exports", although the pictures were not those of the original version.
Lolita	Vladmir Nabokov	Novel	French officials banned it for being "obscene," as did England, Argentina, New Zealand and South Africa.
The Lottery	Shirley Jackson	Short Story	Banned in South Africa during Apartheid; Jackson responded that the government of South Africa "understood the story".

M

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Mein Kampf	Adolf Hitler	Political ideology	Banned due to anti-Nazi laws. However, possession and sale for historical reasons is legal in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands {{carece de fontes}}. Was banned in the Soviet Union, but no longer so in Russia.
Mirror of the Polish Crown	Sebastian Miczyński	Anti-Semitic pamphlet	Because this pamphlet published in 1618 was one of the causes of the anti-Jewish riots in Cracow, it was banned by Sigismund III Vasa
The Mountain Wreath	Petar II Petrović-Njegoš	Drama in verse	Banned in Bosnia schools by Carlos Westendorp.

N

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Naked Lunch	William S. Burroughs	Novel	Banned by Boston courts in 1962 for obscenity, but that decision was reversed in 1966 by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.
Nineteen Eighty-Four	George Orwell	Novel	Banned by the USSR in 1950, as Stalin thought it was a view on his country in the future, it was nearly banned by USA and UK in the early 1960s during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was not until 1990 that the USSR stopped banning the book and it was re-released after editing.
Notre ami le roi	Gilles Perrault	Biography of Hassan II of Morocco	Banned in Morocco. This book is a biography of King Hassan and examines cases of torture, killing and political imprisonment said to have been carried out by the Moroccan Government.
Not Without My Daughter	Betty Mahmoody	Novel	Banned in Iran. It is a real life story of an American citizen's escape along with her daughter from the clutches of her husband in Iran. It created furore in Iran for showing the general conditions there in bad light as well as for being critical of Islamic customs.
Nine Hours To Rama	Stanley Wolpert		Banned in India. It exposes persons responsible for security lapses that led to Mahatma Gandhi's assassination.

O

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
On the Origins and Perpetual Use of the Legislative Powers of the Apostolic Kings of Hungary in Matters Ecclesiastical.	Adam F. Kollár	Legal-political	Banned by the Vatican in 1514 for arguments against the political role of the Roman Catholic Church. Original title: De Originibus et Usu perpetuo.
One Day of Life	Manlio Argueta	Novel	Banned by El Salvador for its portrayal of human rights violations.

P

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The Peaceful Pill Handbook	Philip Nitschke and Fiona Stewart	Instructional manual on euthanasia	It was initially banned in New Zealand by Office of Film & Literature Classification since it was deemed to be objectionable. In May 2008 it was allowed for sale if sealed and an indication of the censorship classification was displayed. The book remains banned outright in Australia. A digital edition is available from Peacefulpill.com [6]
Polyester Prince - Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani	Hamish MacDonald	Biography	Banned in India. Exposes unholy nexus between Dhirubhai Ambani - A leading Indian industrialist and the Indian Government. Contains details on how he managed to control and subjugate the press, bring down a Central Government and bribed Politicians to obtain legislations in his favour. Ban in India believed to be due to proximity of Mukesh Ambani to the present Government.

Q

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason

R

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Rangila Rasul	Pt. Chamupati	Religious	Currently banned in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Rights of Man	Thomas Paine	Political	Banned in the UK and author charged with treason for supporting the French Revolution. Banned in Tzarist Russia after the Decembrist revolt.

S

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The Satanic Verses	Salman Rushdie	Novel	Banned in Bangladesh, India, Singapore, and Iran for blasphemy.
Soft Target: How Indian Intelligence Service Penetrated Canada	Zuhair Kashmeri & Brian McAndrew	Investigative Journalism	Banned in India.
Sorros of Young Wether, The	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	Novel	Banned in several European countries because of the encouragement of suicidal deaths it showed in the public. {{carece de fontes}}
The Song of the Red Ruby	Agnar Mykle	Novel	Banned in Norway in 1957 for its explicit sexual content. The ban was lifted by the Supreme Court in 1958.
Spycatcher	Peter Wright	Autobiography	Banned in UK 1985-1988 for revealing secrets. Wright was a former MI5 intelligence officer and his book was banned before it was even published in 1987.

T

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Tropic of Cancer	Henry Miller	Novel (fictionalized memoir)	Banned in the US in the 1930s until the early 1960s, seized by US customs for sexually explicit content and vulgarity. The rest of Miller's work was also banned by the United States. Also banned in South Africa until the late 1980s.{{carece de fontes}}
The Turner Diaries	William Luther Pierce	Novel	Banned in Germany for its Nazi ideology theme and Pierce leadership in the American Nazi Party. Blamed for a number of crimes allegedly inspired by the novel.

U

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Ulysses	James Joyce	Novel	Challenged and temporarily banned in the US for its sexual content. Ban overturned in United States v. One Book Called Ulysses.{{carece de fontes}}
Uncle Tom's Cabin	Harriet Beecher Stowe	Novel	Banned in the Southern States and Tsarist Russia since the government expected the people to see similarities between treatment of slaves in the US and the treatment of the Russian serfs.
United States-Vietnam Relations: 1945-1967	Robert McNamara and the United States Department of Defense	Government Study	President Nixon attempted to suspend publication of classified information. See: New York Times Co. v. United States{{carece de fontes}}
Uten en tråd	Jens Bjørneboe	Novel	Published in 1966, banned in Norway for its explicit sexual content. The ban was later lifted.
Unarmed Victory	Bertrand Russell		Banned in India. Contains unflattering details of the 1962 Sino-India War.

V

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason

W

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
The Wealth of Nations	Adam Smith	Economic treatise	Banned in communist nations {{carece de fontes}} for its capitalist content.
The Well of Loneliness	Radclyffe Hall	Novel	Banned in the UK in 1928 for its lesbian theme, republished in 1949.

X

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason

Y

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Year 501: The Conquest Continues	Noam Chomsky	Politics	Banned for distribution in South Korean military as one of 23 books banned from Aug 1st 2008.

Z

Title	Author	Type of Literature	Reason
Zhuan Falun	Li Hongzhi	Spiritual	Banned in China as part of the persecution of Falun Gong, which began in 1999.

See also

• Areopagitica: A speech of Mr John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England
• Book burning
• Censorship
• International Freedom of Expression Exchange
• List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum
• List of authors banned during the Third Reich
• List of banned films
• List of banned writers
• List of most commonly challenged books in the U.S.

External links

• www.bannedmagazine.com, the journal of censorship and secrecy
• List of books challenged in Canada
• Minneapolis Public Library: Banned Books Week
• The most frequently banned books in the early 1990s - broken link
• HarperCollins books that have been challenged
• Judy Blume talks about censorship
• Original stories by censored writers
• Fahrenheit 451 Banned Book Blog: comprehensive list of links
• Banned cartoons
• Links related to Banned Books Week and book burning
• Banned books online
• The Forbidden Library: Banned and Challenged Books
• Castro and the ACLU v Miami's Book 'Ban', by Humberto Fontova, author of "Fidel: Hollywood's Favorite Tyrant", 8 August 2006
• American Library Association's list of 100 most frequently challenged books (1990–2000)
• Beacon For Freedom of Expression's list of 14,499 South African banned books and newspapers 1950 - 1994