Wikipédia:Oficina de tradução/O Grande Livro dos Mitos Gregos
O Grande Livro dos Mitos Gregos (em inglês, no original, The Greek Myths) é uma mitografia, um compêndio da mitologia grega, publicada em 1955, pelo poeta e escritor Robert Graves, normalmente publicado em dois volumes. Cada mito é apresentado na voz de um narrador escrevendo sob os Antoninos, como Plutarco ou Pausânias, com citações das fontes clássicas. A qualidade literária dessas recontagens é geralmente elogiada. Cada mito é seguido pela interpretação de Graves de sua origem e significado, seguindo suas teorias sobre uma religião matriarcal pré-histórica como apresentou em seu livro The White Goddess. Estas teorias e suas etimologias são rejeitadas pela erudição clássica. Graves rejeitou as críticas, argumentando que, por definição, os estudiosos clássicos faltavam "na capacidade poética para examinar a mitologia forense".[1]
Contents[editar código-fonte]
Graves interpreted Bronze Age Greece as changing from as changing from a matriarchal society under the Pelasgians to a patriarchal one under continual pressure from victorious Greek-speaking tribes. In the second stage, local kings came to each settlement as foreign princes, reigned by marrying the hereditary queen, who represented the Triple Goddess, and were ritually slain by the next king after a limited period, originally six months. Kings managed to evade the sacrifice for longer and longer periods, often by sacrificing substitutes, and eventually converted the Queen, priestess of the Goddess, into a subservient and chaste wife, and in the final stage had legitimate sons to reign after them.
The Greek Myths presents the myths as stories from the ritual of all three stages, and often as historic records of the otherwise unattested struggles between the Greek Kings and the Moon-priestesses. In some cases, Graves conjectures a process of "iconotropy" or image-turning, by which a hypothetical cult image of the matriarchal or matrilineal period has been misread by later Greeks in their own terms. Thus, for example, he conjectures an image of divine twins struggling in the womb of the Horse-Goddess, which later gave rise to the Trojan Horse myth.
Pelasgian creation myth[editar código-fonte]
Graves' imaginatively reconstructed "Pelasgian creation myth" features a supreme creatrix, Eurynome, "The Goddess of All Things",[2] who arose naked from Chaos to part sea from sky so that she could dance upon the waves. Catching the north wind at her back and, rubbing it between her hands, she warms the pneuma and spontaneously generates the serpent Ophion, who mates with her. In the form of a dove upon the waves, she lays the Cosmic Egg and bids Ophion to incubate it by coiling seven times around until it splits in two and hatches "all things that exist... sun, moon, planets, stars, the earth with its mountains and rivers, its trees, herbs, and living creatures".[3]
In the soil of Arcadia, the Pelasgians would spring up from Ophion's teeth, scattered under the heel of Eurynome who kicked the serpent from their home on Mount Olympus for his boasts of creating all things. Thereafter, Eurynome, whose name was "wide wandering" set male and female Titans for each wandering planet: Theia and Hyperion for the Sun; Phoebe and Atlas for the Moon; Metis and Coeus for Mercury; Tethys and Oceanus for Venus; Dione and Crius for Mars; Themis and Eurymedon for Jupiter; and Rhea and Cronus for Saturn.[2]
Edições[editar código-fonte]
- Robert Graves, O Grande Livro dos Mitos Gregos. (Penguin books; 1026, 1027) 2 vols. (370, 410 p; maps; índice in vol. 2) Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1955 ISBN 0-14-001026-2
Referências
- ↑ The White Goddess, Farrar Strauss Giroux, p. 224. ISBN 0-374-50493-8
- ↑ a b Graves, Robert (1990) [1955]. The Greek Myths. 1. [S.l.]: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-001026-8
- ↑ «Books: The Goddess & the Poet». TIME. July 18, 1955. Consultado em 5 December 2010 Verifique data em:
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