Presença real de Cristo na Eucaristia

Na teologia cristã, a presença real de Cristo na Eucaristia é a doutrina de que Jesus está presente na Eucaristia, não somente de forma simbólica ou metaforicamente.^[1]

Existem muitas visões diferentes na compreensão da definição do termo entre as confissões cristãs que aceitam a doutrina da presença real de Cristo na Eucaristia, incluindo o catolicismo, a ortodoxia oriental, a ortodoxia oriental, a Igreja do Oriente, a morávia Igreja, Luteranismo, Anglicanismo, Metodismo e Cristianismo Reformado.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Referências

↑ R. C. Sproul (1 de novembro de 2006). «The Battle for the Table» (em inglês). Ligonier Ministries. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2020. It is important to note at this point that there is major agreement among Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Reformed that Christ is truly present in the Lord's Supper. They all go beyond the view of the Supper as a bare sign or memorial ... The debate among Catholics, Lutherans, and Reformed people is one that focuses on the mode of Christ’s presence in the Lord’s Supper. At the bottom, this debate is not so much sacramental as it is christological.
↑ Atwood, Craig D. (1 de novembro de 2010). Community of the Cross: Moravian Piety in Colonial Bethlehem (em inglês). [S.l.]: Penn State Press. ISBN 9780271047508. In the eighteenth century, the Moravians consistently promoted the Lutheran doctrine of the real presence, which they described as a "sacramental presence."
↑ Losch, Richard R. (1 de maio de 2002). A Guide to World Religions and Christian Traditions. [S.l.]: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802805218. Anglicans and Orthodox do not attempt to define how [Christ is present], but simply accept the mystery of his presence.
↑ Neal, Gregory S. (19 de dezembro de 2014). Sacramental Theology and the Christian Life. [S.l.]: WestBow Press. ISBN 9781490860077. For Anglicans and Methodists the reality of the presence of Jesus as received through the sacramental elements is not in question. Real presence is simply accepted as being true, its mysterious nature being affirmed and even lauded in official statements like This Holy Mystery: A United Methodist Understanding of Holy Communion.
↑ McKim, Donald K. (1998). Major Themes in the Reformed Tradition (em inglês). [S.l.]: Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57910-104-6. The Westminster Confession emphatically declares that Christ is truly present in the elements and is truly received by those partaking, 'yet not carnally and corporally, but spiritually' (chap. 31, par. 7). The insistence is that while Christ's presence is not physical in nature it is no less a real and vital presence, as if it were a physical presence. ... Those of us in the Reformed tradition are under strong obligation to honour the notion of the real presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper.
↑ Johnson, Maxwell E. (2015). The Church in Act: Lutheran Liturgical Theology in Ecumenical Conversation (em inglês). [S.l.]: Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-9668-0. That is, as the practice of the ancient Assyrian Church of the East indicates clearly, not all churches who hold a high doctrine of Christ's real presence have reserved the Eucharist historically. Further, a lack of reserving the Eucharist in the Assyrian Church of the East has not been a factor in entering recently into a situation of shared Eucharist with the Chaldean Church.

[Sproul2006-1] R. C. Sproul (1 de novembro de 2006). «The Battle for the Table» (em inglês). Ligonier Ministries. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2020. It is important to note at this point that there is major agreement among Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Reformed that Christ is truly present in the Lord's Supper. They all go beyond the view of the Supper as a bare sign or memorial ... The debate among Catholics, Lutherans, and Reformed people is one that focuses on the mode of Christ’s presence in the Lord’s Supper. At the bottom, this debate is not so much sacramental as it is christological.

[Atwood2010-2] Atwood, Craig D. (1 de novembro de 2010). Community of the Cross: Moravian Piety in Colonial Bethlehem (em inglês). [S.l.]: Penn State Press. ISBN 9780271047508. In the eighteenth century, the Moravians consistently promoted the Lutheran doctrine of the real presence, which they described as a "sacramental presence."

[Losch2002-3] Losch, Richard R. (1 de maio de 2002). A Guide to World Religions and Christian Traditions. [S.l.]: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802805218. Anglicans and Orthodox do not attempt to define how [Christ is present], but simply accept the mystery of his presence.

[Neal2014-4] Neal, Gregory S. (19 de dezembro de 2014). Sacramental Theology and the Christian Life. [S.l.]: WestBow Press. ISBN 9781490860077. For Anglicans and Methodists the reality of the presence of Jesus as received through the sacramental elements is not in question. Real presence is simply accepted as being true, its mysterious nature being affirmed and even lauded in official statements like This Holy Mystery: A United Methodist Understanding of Holy Communion.

[McKim1998-5] McKim, Donald K. (1998). Major Themes in the Reformed Tradition (em inglês). [S.l.]: Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57910-104-6. The Westminster Confession emphatically declares that Christ is truly present in the elements and is truly received by those partaking, 'yet not carnally and corporally, but spiritually' (chap. 31, par. 7). The insistence is that while Christ's presence is not physical in nature it is no less a real and vital presence, as if it were a physical presence. ... Those of us in the Reformed tradition are under strong obligation to honour the notion of the real presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper.

[Johnson2015-6] Johnson, Maxwell E. (2015). The Church in Act: Lutheran Liturgical Theology in Ecumenical Conversation (em inglês). [S.l.]: Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-9668-0. That is, as the practice of the ancient Assyrian Church of the East indicates clearly, not all churches who hold a high doctrine of Christ's real presence have reserved the Eucharist historically. Further, a lack of reserving the Eucharist in the Assyrian Church of the East has not been a factor in entering recently into a situation of shared Eucharist with the Chaldean Church.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]